Mwaranzi isingaoneki, mutoro unooneka
Na1:23 mangwanani musi waApril 26, 1986, vagari vomuPripyat kuchamhembe kweUkraine vakamutswa noruzha rukuru. Reactor No. Vashandi vanoshanda panzvimbo yemagetsi enyukireya uye vadzimi vemoto vekutanga vakasvika vakaoneswa 30,000 roentgens yemwaranzi inouraya paawa pasina chero dziviriro - uye 400 roentgens inotorwa nemuviri wemunhu inokwana kuuraya.
Njodzi iyi yakatanga tsaona yenyukireya inotyisa zvikuru munhoroondo yevanhu. Vadzimi vemoto makumi maviri nemasere vakafa nechirwere chemwaranzi mumwedzi mitatu inotevera. Vakafa vachirwadziwa zvikuru neganda dema, maronda omumukanwa, uye kurasikirwa nebvudzi. Maawa makumi matatu nematanhatu mushure menjodzi, vagari ve130,000 vakamanikidzwa kubuda mudzimba dzavo.
Makore 25 gare gare, musi wa11 March 2011, musimboti weFukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant muJapan yakanyunguduka mutsunami yakakonzerwa nokudengenyeka kwenyika. A 14-metres-high wave akaputsa madziro egungwa, uye mareactor matatu akaputika chimwe pashure pechimwe, uye 180 trillion becquerels of radioactive cesium 137 pakarepo akadururirwa muPacific Ocean. Kusvika nanhasi, gwenya remagetsi enyukireya richiri kuchengetedza anopfuura miriyoni 1.2 cubic metres yeradioactive wastewater, ichiva bakatwa reDamocles rakarembera pamusoro pezvipenyu zvegungwa.
Kushungurudzika kusingaite
Mushure metsaona yeChernobyl, nzvimbo ye2,600 square kilometers yakava nzvimbo yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti zvichatora makumi ezviuru zvemakore kubvisa zvachose mwaranzi yenyukireya munzvimbo iyi, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzingatoda makore 200 000 okucheneswa kwomusikirwo kuti dzisangane nemipimo yokugara kwevanhu.
Maererano neUnited Nations, tsaona yeChernobyl yakakonzera:
93,000 vakafa
Vanhu 270 000 vakatambura nezvirwere zvakaita segomarara
155,000 square kilometers yenyika yakasvibiswa
8.4 miriyoni vanhu vakabatwa nemwaranzi
MuFukushima, kunyange zvazvo zviremera zvakataura kuti mwaranzi mumvura yakapoteredza yakanga yadonha kusvika "pamwero wakachengeteka", masayendisiti achiri kuona radioactive isotopes yakadai se carbon 14, cobalt 60 uye strontium 90 mumvura yakasvibiswa yakarapwa muna 2019. Zvinhu izvi zviri nyore kupfumiswa mune zvipenyu zvegungwa, uye kuwanda kwecobalt 0 sedi 360 inogona kuwedzera 060 mu cobalt 0 sedi 0 0 nguva.
Kutyisidzira kusingaoneki uye kudzivirira kunoonekwa
Munjodzi idzi, tyisidziro hurusa inobva mumwaranzi isingaoneki neziso romunhu. Mumazuva ekutanga etsaona yeChernobyl, pakanga pasina kana chiridzwa chimwe chete chaigona kuyera zvakarurama kukosha kwemwaranzi, zvichiita kuti vashandi vakawanda vokununura vaonekwe nemwaranzi inouraya vasingazvizivi.
Zvidzidzo izvi zvinorwadza ndizvo zvakakonzera kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kweiyo radiation monitoring tekinoroji. Nhasi, chaiyo uye yakavimbika radiation yekutarisisa michina yave "maziso" uye "nzeve" dzekuchengetedza nzvimbo yenyukireya, ichivaka chipingamupinyi chetekinoroji pakati pekutyisidzira kusingaoneki uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu.
Basa reShanghai Renji nderekugadzira aya maviri e "maziso" kuchengetedza kuchengetedza kwevanhu. Tinoziva kuti:
• Kuyera kwese kwakarurama kwemamicrosieverts kunogona kuponesa hupenyu
• Yambiro nenguva inogona kudzivirira njodzi yezvakatipoteredza
• Chishandiso chese chakavimbika chiri kuchengetedza imba yedu
Kubvazvakatipoteredza uye redunhu radioactivity monitoring michina to inotakurika nemwaranzi yekutarisa zviridzwa, kubva kumidziyo yekuyeresa marabhoritari kuenda kune ionizing radiation standard zvishandiso, kubva kumagetsi ekudzivirira nemwaranzi kuenda kune radiation yekutarisa software mapuratifomu, kubva kune chiteshi-mhando yekuona radioactivity yekuona michina kuenda kunjodzi yenyukireya nekuchengetedza kuchengetedza michina, Renji mutsara wechigadzirwa unovhara zvese zvekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyukireya. Tekinoroji yedu inokwanisa kuona zvidiki zvakanyanyisa zvezvinhu zvine radioactive, sekuziva chaizvo donhwe remvura isina kujairika mudziva rekutuhwina.
Kuberekwazve kubva kunjodzi: Tekinoroji inodzivirira ramangwana
MuChernobyl exclusion zone, mhumhi dzakashanduka dzinopesana nekenza, uye maitiro avo ekudzivirira zvirwere akashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga mitsva, zvichiratidza kuti njodzi dzinokurudzira kushanduka-shanduka. Pasi pemumvuri wenjodzi dzenyukireya, kusanganiswa kwehunyanzvi uye mutoro hauna kungogadzira chishamiso chekuchengetedza hupenyu, asi zvakare yakagadzirisa ramangwana rekugarisana kwevanhu nemwaranzi. Isu tinotenda kuti tekinoroji uye basa rinogonawo kugadzira zvishamiso kuchengetedza hupenyu.
Mushure metsaona yeFukushima, timu yepasi rose yesainzi yakagadzira network yekutarisa nemwaranzi yePacific. Kuburikidza nemidziyo inocherekedza inocherekedza, nzira dzekuparadzira dzecesium 134 uye cesium 137 dzakatevedzwa, zvichipa data rakakosha rekutsvagisa zvipenyu zvemugungwa. Uyu mweya wekubatana kwepasirese uye kuchengetedza tekinoroji ndiyo chaiyo kukosha kunotsigirwa naRenji.
Chiono cheShanghai Renji chakajeka: kuve muumbi weiyo inovandudza ecology mumunda wekuonekwa kwemwaranzi. "Kubatira nzanga nesainzi uye tekinoroji uye kugadzira nzvimbo itsva yekuchengetedza mwaranzi" ibasa redu.
Ita kuti kushandisa kwese kwesimba renyukireya kuve kwakachengeteka uye kudzoreka, uye ita kuti njodzi yese yemwaranzi ionekwe zvakajeka. Isu hatingope michina chete, asiwo tinopa huwandu hwakazara hwemhinduro kubva pakutarisa kusvika pakuongorora, kuitira kuti tekinoroji yenyukireya igone kubatsira vanhu zvakachengeteka.
Yakanyorwa kumagumo
Njodzi dzenyukireya dzakaitika kare dzinotinyevera kuti: simba renyukireya rakafanana nebakatwa rinocheka nekwose. Chete nekutya uye nenhoo yetekinoroji tinogona kushandisa simba rayo.
Pedyo nematongo eChernobyl, sango idzva riri kukura zvakasimba. Pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yeFukushima, vabati vehove vakakanda utava hwavo hwetariro zvakare. Nhanho imwe neimwe iyo vanhu vanotora kubva munjodzi haiparadzaniswi nekuomerera kune kuchengeteka uye kuvimba mune zvemichina.
Shanghai Renji anoda kuve muchengeti murwendo urwu rurefu - kuvaka mutsara wekuchengetedza ane chaiwo zviridzwa uye kuchengetedza chiremerera chehupenyu neinnovation innovation. Nokuti chiyero che milliroentgen chinotakura kuremekedza hupenyu; kunyarara kwega kwega kwenyeredzo kunopa huchenjeri hwevanhu.
Radiation haioneki, asi dziviriro yakasungwa!
Mwaranzi isingaoneki, mutoro unooneka
Na1:23 mangwanani musi waApril 26, 1986, vagari vomuPripyat kuchamhembe kweUkraine vakamutswa noruzha rukuru. Reactor No. Vashandi vanoshanda panzvimbo yemagetsi enyukireya uye vadzimi vemoto vekutanga vakasvika vakaoneswa 30,000 roentgens yemwaranzi inouraya paawa pasina chero dziviriro - uye 400 roentgens inotorwa nemuviri wemunhu inokwana kuuraya.
Njodzi iyi yakatanga tsaona yenyukireya inotyisa zvikuru munhoroondo yevanhu. Vadzimi vemoto makumi maviri nemasere vakafa nechirwere chemwaranzi mumwedzi mitatu inotevera. Vakafa vachirwadziwa zvikuru neganda dema, maronda omumukanwa, uye kurasikirwa nebvudzi. Maawa makumi matatu nematanhatu mushure menjodzi, vagari ve130,000 vakamanikidzwa kubuda mudzimba dzavo.
Makore 25 gare gare, musi wa11 March 2011, musimboti weFukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant muJapan yakanyunguduka mutsunami yakakonzerwa nokudengenyeka kwenyika. A 14-metres-high wave akaputsa madziro egungwa, uye mareactor matatu akaputika chimwe pashure pechimwe, uye 180 trillion becquerels of radioactive cesium 137 pakarepo akadururirwa muPacific Ocean. Kusvika nanhasi, gwenya remagetsi enyukireya richiri kuchengetedza anopfuura miriyoni 1.2 cubic metres yeradioactive wastewater, ichiva bakatwa reDamocles rakarembera pamusoro pezvipenyu zvegungwa.
Kushungurudzika kusingaite
Mushure metsaona yeChernobyl, nzvimbo ye2,600 square kilometers yakava nzvimbo yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti zvichatora makumi ezviuru zvemakore kubvisa zvachose mwaranzi yenyukireya munzvimbo iyi, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzingatoda makore 200 000 okucheneswa kwomusikirwo kuti dzisangane nemipimo yokugara kwevanhu.
Maererano neUnited Nations, tsaona yeChernobyl yakakonzera:
93,000 vakafa
Vanhu 270 000 vakatambura nezvirwere zvakaita segomarara
155,000 square kilometers yenyika yakasvibiswa
8.4 miriyoni vanhu vakabatwa nemwaranzi
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-20-2025