Radiation yekutarisa chinhu chakakosha chekuona kuchengeteka munzvimbo dzine ionizing radiation iripo. Ionizing radiation, iyo inosanganisira gamma radiation inoburitswa neisotopes senge cesium-137, inoisa njodzi huru dzehutano, zvichidikanwa nzira dzekutarisa dzinoshanda. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora misimboti uye nzira dzekutarisa radiation, ichitarisa kune matekinoroji anoshandiswa, uye mamwe.radiationmonitoringdevicesiyo inowanzoshandiswa .
Kunzwisisa Radiation uye Migumisiro Yayo
Ionizing radiation inoratidzwa nekugona kwayo kubvisa maerekitironi akasungwa zvakasimba kubva kumaatomu, zvichitungamira pakuumbwa kwezvikamu zvinochajiswa kana maion. Kuita uku kunogona kukonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwezvinyama zvipenyu, zvichikonzera acute radiation syndrome kana hutano hwenguva refu senge cancer. Naizvozvo, kutarisa mazinga emwaranzi kwakakosha munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira zvivakwa zvekurapa, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi enyukireya, uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza muganhu.
Misimboti yeRadiation Monitoring
Iyo yakakosha musimboti wekutarisisa mwaranzi inosanganisira kuona uye kuenzanisa kuvepo kweiyo ionizing radiation munzvimbo yakapihwa. Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwema detector akasiyana-siyana anopindura kumhando dzakasiyana dzemwaranzi, kusanganisira alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, uye neutrons. Sarudzo ye detector inotsamira pane chaiyo application uye mhando yeradiation iri kutariswa.
Detectors Anoshandiswa muRadiation Monitoring
1. Plastic Scintillators:
Plastic scintillators ma detectors akasiyana-siyana anogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekutarisa radiation. Huremu hwadzo uye hunogara kwenguva refu hunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune inotakurika michina. Kana gamma radiation ichipindirana nescintillator, inoburitsa kupenya kwechiedza chinogona kuonekwa uye kuverengerwa. Ichi chivakwa chinobvumira kutarisisa kunoshanda kwemazinga eradiation munguva chaiyo, kuita epurasitiki scintillators sarudzo yakakurumbira mukatiRPMsystems.
2. He-3 Gasi Proportional Counter:
Iyo He-3 gasi proportional counter yakagadzirirwa chaizvo kuona neutron. Inoshanda nekuzadza kamuri ine helium-3 gasi, iyo inonzwa kune neutron kupindirana. Kana neutron ichidhumhana nehelium-3 nucleus, inoburitsa zvidimbu zvinochajiswa zvinoisa gasi, zvichitungamira kuchiratidzo chemagetsi chinoyerwa. Rudzi urwu rwe detector rwakakosha munzvimbo umo neutron radiation iri kunetsa, senge zvivakwa zvenyukireya uye marabhoritari ekutsvagisa.
3. Sodium Iodide (NaI) Detectors:
Sodium iodide detectors inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuita gamma-ray spectroscopy uye nuclide identification. Aya ma detectors anogadzirwa kubva kukristaro yesodium iodide yakasanganiswa nethallium, iyo inoburitsa chiedza kana gamma mwaranzi ichipindirana nekristaro. Chiedza chakabudiswa chinobva chashandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi, zvichibvumira kuzivikanwa kwemaisotopes chaiwo zvichienderana nemasaini avo esimba. Ma detectors eNaI anonyanya kukosha mumashandisirwo anoda kunyatso zivikanwa kwezvinhu zvine radioactive.
4. Geiger-Müller (GM) Tube Counters:
GM tube counters ndeimwe yeakajairika maalarm ekushandisa anoshandiswa pakutarisisa mwaranzi. Vanoshanda pakuona X-rays uye gamma rays. Iyo GM chubhu inoshanda neionizing gasi mukati mechubhu kana radiation ichipfuura nepakati payo, zvichikonzera kuyerwa kwemagetsi pulse. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune ega dosimeters uye handheld ongororo yemamita, ichipa mhinduro nekukurumidza pamatanho ekuratidzwa kwemwaranzi.
Iko Kudikanwa kweRadiation Monitoring muDaily Life
Radiation monitoring haina kuganhurirwa kune nyanzvi zvivako; rutivi runokosha rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kuvepo kwemwaranzi yemamiriro ekunze, pamwe nezvinyorwa zvekugadzira kubva kumaitiro ekurapa uye maindasitiri ekushandisa, zvinoda kuenderera mberi nekutarisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji. Nhandare dzendege, zviteshi zvezviteshi, uye nzvimbo dzetsika dzakashongedzerwa masisitimu epamusoro ekutarisisa mwaranzi kudzivirira kutakurwa kusiri pamutemo kwezvinhu zvine mwaranzi, nokudaro zvichidzivirira veruzhinji nemhoteredzo.
KazhinjiUsedRadiationMonitoringDevices
1. Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM):
RPMsmasisitimu akaomesesa akagadzirirwa chaiyo-nguva otomatiki yekutarisa gamma radiation uye neutron. Anowanzo kuiswa panzvimbo dzekupinda dzakadai senhandare dzendege, zviteshi, uye nzvimbo dzetsika kuti zvione kutakurwa kusiri pamutemo kwezvinhu zvine radioactive. MaRPM anowanzo shandisa hombe-vhoriyamu epurasitiki scintillators, ayo anoshanda mukuona gamma rays nekuda kwekunzwa kwavo kwakanyanya uye nekukurumidza kupindura nguva. Iyo scintillation process inosanganisira kubuda kwechiedza kana radiation ichibatana nemidziyo yepurasitiki, iyo inozoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi chekuongorora.Kuwedzera, neutron tubes uye sodium iodide detectors inogona kuiswa mukati memichina kuti igone kuwedzera mamwe mabasa.
2. Radioisotope Identification Device (RIID):
(RIID)chinhu chenyukireya chekucherechedza chiridzwa chinobva pasodium iodide detector uye advanced digital nuclear pulse waveform processing technology.Iri shandiso rinobatanidza sodium iodide (yakaderera potassium) detector, inopa kwete chete yezvakatipoteredza dose yakaenzana kuonekwa uye radioactive source localization asiwo Kuzivikanwa kweakawanda echisikigo uye artificial radioactive nuclides.
3.Electronic Personal Dosimeter (EPD):
Personal dosimetercompact, inopfekwa nemwaranzi yekutarisisa mudziyo wakagadzirirwa vashandi vanoshanda munzvimbo dzine mwaranzi. Kazhinji kushandisa Geiger-Müller (GM) tube detector, iyo diki fomu chinhu chinogonesa kuenderera kwenguva refu kupfeka kweiyo chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa yakaunganidzwa nemwaranzi dosi uye chiyero chedosi. Kana kuratidzwa kwakapfuura preset alarm threshold, mudziyo unobva wazivisa anoupfeka, uchivaratidza kuti vabude munzvimbo ine ngozi.
Mhedziso
Muchidimbu, kutariswa kwemwaranzi chiitiko chakakosha chinoshandisa ma detectors akasiyana siyana kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza munzvimbo dzine ionizing radiation iripo. Kushandiswa kweRadiation Portal Monitors, plastic scintillators, He-3 gasi proportional counters, sodium iodide detectors, uye GM tube counters inoratidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dziripo dzekuona uye kuverengera mwaranzi. Kunzwisisa misimboti uye matekinoroji ari kuseri kwekutariswa kwemwaranzi kwakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji uye kuchengetedza zviyero zvekuchengetedza muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichifambira mberi, kushanda uye kugona kwemasystem ekutarisa radiation pasina mubvunzo kuchavandudza, zvichiwedzera kugona kwedu kuona uye kupindura kutyisidzira kwemwaranzi munguva chaiyo.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-24-2025