Mhando dzemwaranzi isina-ionizing radiation
Mimwe mienzaniso yemwaranzi isiri-ionizing mwenje unooneka, masaisai eredhiyo, uye mamicrowave (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Non-ionizing mwaranzi ndiyo yakaderera simba mwaranzi iyo isina simba rakakwana kuti ibvise maerekitironi kubva kumaatomu kana mamorekuru, angave ari muzvinhu kana zvipenyu.Zvisinei, simba rayo rinogona kuita kuti mamorekuru iwayo azungunuke obva abudisa kupisa.Izvi ndizvo, semuenzaniso, mashandiro anoita microwave oveni.
Kune vanhu vazhinji, isiri-ionizing radiation haina kuisa njodzi kuhutano hwavo.Nekudaro, vashandi vanogara vachisangana nemamwe masosi e-non-ionizing radiation vangada matanho akakosha ekuzvidzivirira kubva, semuenzaniso, kupisa kunogadzirwa.
Mimwe mimwe mienzaniso yeasina-ionizing radiation inosanganisira masaisai eredhiyo uye mwenje unooneka.Chiedza chinooneka imhando yemwaranzi isiri-ionizing iyo ziso remunhu rinogona kuona.Uye masaisai eredhiyo imhando yeasina-ionizing radiation isingaonekwe nemeso edu uye nedzimwe pfungwa, asi iyo inogona kudhindwa nemaredhiyo echinyakare.
Ionizing radiation
Mimwe mienzaniso yeionizing radiation inosanganisira mamwe marudzi ekurapa cancer uchishandisa gamma rays, maX-rays, uye nemwaranzi inoburitswa kubva kune radioactive zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi enyukireya (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Ionizing mwaranzi imhando yemwaranzi yesimba rakadaro zvekuti inokwanisa kubvisa maerekitironi kubva kumaatomu kana mamorekuru, izvo zvinokonzeresa shanduko padanho reatomu kana ichidyidzana nenyaya kusanganisira zvipenyu.Shanduko dzakadaro dzinowanzo sanganisira kugadzirwa kwemaion (maatomu anochajiswa magetsi kana mamorekuru) - saka izwi rekuti "ionizing" mwaranzi.
Mune madosi akakwira, mwaranzi yeionizing inogona kukuvadza maseru kana nhengo dzemiviri yedu kana kutokonzera rufu.Mumashandisirwo nemadosi chaiwo uye nematanho anodiwa ekudzivirira, rudzi urwu rwemwaranzi rune mashandisiro mazhinji anobatsira, senge mukugadzira simba, mumaindasitiri, mukutsvagisa uye mukuongororwa kwekurapa uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvakasiyana, senge cancer.Nepo mutemo wekushandiswa kwezvinobva eradiation uye kuchengetedzwa kwemwaranzi ibasa renyika, IAEA inopa rutsigiro kune vanogadzira mutemo uye vanodzora kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakazara hwemitemo yekuchengetedza pasi rose ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza vashandi nevarwere pamwe nenhengo dzeveruzhinji nenharaunda kubva kune zvinogona kuitika. zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa neionizing mwaranzi.
Isina-ionizing uye ionizing mwaranzi ine wavelength yakasiyana, iyo inobatana zvakananga nesimba rayo.(Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA).
Iyo sainzi kuseri kweradioactive decay uye inoguma nemwaranzi
Nzira iyo atomu yeradioactive inova yakagadzikana nekuburitsa zvidimbu uye simba inonzi "radioactive decay".(Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Ionizing radiation inogona kubva, semuenzaniso,maatomu asina kugadzikana (radioactive).pavanenge vachichinja vachienda kune imwe nyika yakagadzikana apo vachibudisa simba.
Maatomu mazhinji ari paPasi akagadzikana, kunyanya nekuda kwekuumbwa kwakaenzana uye kwakagadzikana kwezvikamu (manyutroni nemapurotoni) pakati pawo (kana nucleus).Zvisineyi, mune mamwe marudzi emaatomu asina kugadzikana, kuumbwa kwenhamba yemapurotoni nemanyuturoni mumukati mavo haabvumidze kubata zvidimbu izvozvo pamwechete.Maatomu asina kugadzikana akadaro anonzi "radioactive atomu".Kana maatomu eradioactive aora, anoburitsa simba muchimiro chemwaranzi yeionizing (somuenzaniso alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays kana neutrons), ayo, kana akasungwa zvisina njodzi uye akashandiswa, anogona kuburitsa mabhenefiti akasiyana siyana.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-11-2022